4^th International Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Conference November 18-19, 2019 Courtyard by Marriot Bali Seminyak Resort | Bali, Indonesia

An obstructed airway is a condition when the body is deprived of oxygen, due to lack of proper ventilation that sometimes leads to brain death. Airway management is a primitive method to provide open airway with a continuous flow of oxygen. It’s the cornerstone of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This ensures an open pathway for gas exchange between a patient's lungs and the environment. Proficient by preventing airway hindrance either by clearing a formerly disrupted airway, in cases for example, anaphylaxis, the anesthetized patient, or medicinal patients.

Airway block can be caused by the tongue, foreign objects, the tissues of the airway itself, and organic liquids, for example, blood and gastric content. Airway administration is ordinarily separated into two classes: essential and advanced.

Anesthesia is a condition of controlled, brief loss of sensation or mindfulness that is instigated for medicinal purposes. It might incorporate absence of pain, loss of motion, amnesia, or obviousness. This is a subspecialty instance of the therapeutic agents primarily in the practice of anesthesiology identified with the three locales intraoperative, preoperative, and postoperative consideration of pediatric and geriatric patients experiencing medical procedure and related invasive procedures.

Perioperative anesthetic management is provided by anesthesia specialist in patients receiving severe cardiac pulmonary pathology including coronary artery bypass surgery, heart transplants, and hypothermic arrest.

Spinal anesthesia is also known as epidural anesthesia, spinal block and subarachnoid block it falls under the category of neuraxial regional anesthesia. It is a safe and effective form usually applicable during surgeries. It is characterized as inclusion of conduction of nerve impulses by the infusing of a sedative into the spinal trench that diminishes sensitivity to pain without loss of awareness. The anesthetics used are bupivacaine, cinchocaine, procaine, tetracaine. Spinal illnesses and spinal disorders regularly cause pain when bone changes put pressure on the Spinal nerves. The side effects associated with it are headache, hypotension, nerve damage, urinary retention, focal neurological deflect.

Advances in medical fields and pharmaceutical enhancement for domesticated animals or those adapted from human anesthesiology; research in pharmacology, physiology, and clinical trials for human and veterinary patients that provide better evidence‐based direction to persistent consideration; and financial and statistical changes for patient care; and socioeconomic and demographic changes in countries where animals serve evolving roles. Proper use of sedatives, anesthetics, and analgesics can alleviate pain, create amnesia, and produce muscle relaxation essential for safe and humane patient care. The sedatives are generally prescribed to induce sedation for a short period time during the surgery.

The primary function of the lungs is to provide an adequate gas exchange for maintaining normal oxygen content in blood and eliminate carbon dioxide. This is achieved by optimizing volumes of the lung to meet higher metabolic demand during the perioperative period. Intake of anesthetic agents it will provoke pronounced effects on pulmonary function in comparison to anticholinergic and other blocking agents. Combination of sedatives and analgesic cause worse effects and leads to pulmonary disease. Anesthesia in the thoracic region is administered during thoracic surgery in order to minimize pain and to develop postoperative morbidity essential mechanical ventilation. It represents a combination of physiological problems are as follows: one lung ventilation, open pneumothorax, lateral decubitus position.

Anesthesia and acute pain are quite related to each other. Regional Anesthesia is defined as a type of pain management during surgery. In this process, medication is inserted through catheters which numb a larger part of the body. This type of anesthesia has a capability of blocking the spinal cord and channels these are applicable mostly in pediatrics during childbirth.

Acute pain can be defined as a pain that ranges between 3 months to 6 months. This can be defined as the pain generated after surgery, broken bones, labor and childbirth, burn or cut and also during dental management. It can be manageable by with a dose or two of opiate pain relievers.

It is a specialized treatment for people with serious illness.  The main goal is to improve the quality of life of the patients. In this for illness is a curative treatment at any age.  Palliative care during the surgeries i.e., it the technique of providing sedative for an end of life care of patients in interaction with pain.  It has a double effect principle like: It relieves severe suffering and sometimes hastens life or leads to death. The use of palliative care nursing has been increased drastically based upon the rising population of geriatric patients. Anesthesiologists rarely involved in the multidisciplinary management of patient individuals suffering from chronic illness or those people who are dying. 

Surgery, as well as Anesthesia, is the important terms in the field of medicine. The medication is initiated in airway complement, Labor analgesia, fiber optics, ocular surgery. Advancements and innovations in anesthesia have vastly improved the quality of life of patients. The advanced techniques used are ultrasound, Video laryngoscope devices, Modified nasal trumpet for airway management, Raman spectroscopy, and automated delivery of oxygen and anesthetic drugs, Non-Injectable Arterial Connector.

Future technologies and researchers will follow two major principles: Automation and analytics.

Ambulatory Anesthesia is defined as a simple surgical test that are expected to minimize the effects of patients body function and cause mild pain which can be easily controlled with oral medication.  It provides greater flexibility during operations, lowers the risk of respiratory failure, less preoperative testing and post-operative medication.  Monitored anesthesia care includes the combination of local anesthesia or peripheral nerve blocks and analgesics. MAC is used when the anesthesiologist monitors a patient receiving local anesthesia or administers supplemental anesthesia drugs for the patient undergoing diagnostic procedures.

Anesthesia is a prior procedure to be carried out in dental surgery to sedate a person.  It is prescribed as it dulls the pain or makes the patient anxious in all part of the mouth during surgery. Several types of anesthesia are based upon their surgery. General Anesthesia provides sedation for extended period of time as it allows air tube to breathe while sleeping. Local anesthesia is the core stone during dental anesthesiology procedures.

The anesthetics used are Bupivacaine, Mepivacaine, Lidocaine, Prilocaine Plain.

The psychological and emotional response to an experience or event which is deeply distressing and disturbing is known as trauma. Sometimes it is referred due to illness or injury. These are classified into Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), complex trauma, developmental trauma disorder. Traumatic patients possess the following symptoms such as unpredictable emotions, flashbacks, nausea, and sinus headache. Critical care is done by trauma therapy, a wide range of effective therapies are widespread. Psychotherapy and other related therapy helps in exchange of thought, behavioral change, reprocessing of movements like Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EDMR).

Pediatric anesthesiology has become an increasingly significant and dramatically rises in the field of scientific as well as clinical aspects. It includes a step by step procedure pertinent airway anatomy, premedication, regional techniques, and induction techniques which will be useful in analyzing the patient health. Treatment of pediatric critical care deserves special consideration based upon physiological, anatomical and pharmacological differences than that of adults. Basically in neonates the alteration in body composition based upon clinical implications: Drug depends on redistribution into fat for termination will have a longer clinical effect, drug redistributed into muscles will also have a longer clinical effect, hydrophilic drug also have longer clinical effect.

Pain is deliberating and frustrating. It generates during sleep, work. Pain Management provides relief the entire tremor. Pain is categorized in different types such as chronic pain, nerve pain, psychogenic pain, abdominal pain, joint pain, spinal fusion etc. Pain medications are used to relieve the discomfort associated with surgery, disease or injury. The pain medications act upon the physiological process to provide relief.  Relieves used often to irradiate pain are acetaminophen and NSAIDS. These medications also have some side effects as acetaminophen can be toxic to liver, whereas NSAIDS may cause bleeding of stomach in order to reduce this possibility it must be taken with food.

Surgeries carried out in the brain and spinal cord neoplasms come under neuro-oncology surgery. Patient suffering from brain tumors, a malignancy of cancer, anaplastic undergo this kind of treatment. Neurological surgery is a special case that involves surgical management of a wide variety of disorders affecting the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerve, and head injuries. It encompasses the cure of pediatrics as well as geriatrics with the disorders of nervous systems like spinal canal stenosis, fractures, herniated discs, and spinal diseases. The treatment can be administered either by spinal fusion, by imaging, cancer radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

IGH-RESOLUTION ultrasound can give direct ongoing imaging of peripheral nerves and distinguish tissue planes that grant great nearby appropriation for conduction block and catheter placement. Ultrasound guidance can be utilized for neuraxial blocks. Ultrasound imaging may improve accomplishment with epidural placement.Paramedian longitudinal imaging planes give the best acoustic window around hard structures. Of neuraxial structures, the dura mater is very much envisioned with ultrasound imaging.

Clinical examinations propose that ultrasound direction has focal points over progressively traditional nerve stimulation– based methods for regional block. Whenever wanted, ultrasound direction can be joined with nerve incitement to affirm proximity to neural structures. Nonetheless, it isn't important to utilize electrical incitement or get paresthesias to accomplish solid conduction block of peripheral nerves. Since ultrasound imaging is particularly helpful in patients with troublesome outside life systems, numerous clinicians have now coordinated its utilization into their routine clinical practice to pick up aptitude with this significant innovation.